Chemistry Experiments / Fractional Distillation

Fractional Distillation Experiment

Separate a mixture of miscible liquids with closely related boiling points using a fractionating column.

Chemistry Class 11-12 Separation-techniques Advanced
Prelab Brief
To separate two or more miscible liquids with boiling points differing by less than 25 K using fractional distillation.
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Theory

Separate a mixture of miscible liquids with closely related boiling points using a fractionating column. To separate two or more miscible liquids with boiling points differing by less than 25 K using fractional distillation.

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Formula

Principle: To separate two or more miscible liquids with boiling points differing by less than 25 K using fractional distillation.

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Aim

To separate two or more miscible liquids with boiling points differing by less than 25 K using fractional distillation.

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Apparatus

  • Distillation flask
  • Fractionating column (packed with glass beads)
  • Thermometer
  • Condenser
  • Receiving flask
  • Heat source
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Procedure

  1. Set up the distillation apparatus with a fractionating column placed between the flask and condenser.
  2. Heat the mixture. Vapors of both liquids rise into the fractionating column.
  3. The column provides surface area for repeated condensation and vaporization.
  4. The more volatile liquid reaches the top first, enters the condenser, and is collected.
  5. Once the first liquid is completely distilled, the temperature rises, and the second liquid distills.
Pre-Lab Questions
What is the main aim of the Fractional Distillation Experiment?
Which principle is demonstrated in the Fractional Distillation Experiment?
What apparatus is required for this experiment?
Why is Distillation flask used in this experiment?
What formula or relationship is verified in this experiment?
What precaution should be followed while performing this experiment?
What conclusion can be drawn from the Fractional Distillation Experiment?

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